《黑暗之魂3》刀、剑武器原型及历史出处解析

  混种大剑

  虽然游戏这奇怪的形制我一直认为是普通的大剑(双手)。

  In the early 1400's (as early as 1418) a form oflong-sword often with specially shaped grips for one or two hands, became knownas an Espée Bastarde or "bastard sword".

  混种剑是一种长剑。出现早在1418年。通常用一只或两只手握持。具有特殊形状的剑柄。

  The term may derive not form the blade length, butbecause bastard-swords typically had longer handles with special"half-grips" which could be used by either one or both hands.

  之所以称为“混种剑”并非由于剑刃的长度，而是因为混种剑具有额外的“半手”剑柄，既能单手握也能双手握。

  In this sense they were neither a one-handed sword nora true great-sword/two-handed sword, and thus not a member of either"family" of sword.

  在这个意义上，混种剑既不是单手剑，也不是一把巨剑或双手剑，因此不属于其他的剑类。

  Evidence shows the their blade were typically tapered.

  有证据显示典型的混种剑的剑体横截面呈锥形的。因此有的混种剑适合劈砍，而有的适合突刺。

  Since newer types of shorter swords were coming intouse, the term "bastard-sword" came to distinguish this form oflong-sword.

  “混种剑”这一术语将这一武器与“长剑”以及当时正在投入使用的较短的剑区分开来。(混种剑长度在长剑和武装剑之间)

  These handles have recognizable "waist" and"bottle" shapes (such grips were later used on the Renaissancetwo-handed sword).

  混种剑的剑柄具有可识别的“腰”和“瓶”形状(后来，文艺复兴双手剑沿用了这些剑柄)。

  The unique bastard-sword half-grip was a versatile andpractical innovation.

  额外的“半手”剑柄这一创新丰富了混种剑的剑术。

  Some were intended more for cutting while others werebetter for thrusting. Bastard swords continued to be used by knights andmen-at-arms into the 1500's.

  15世纪初。骑士和战士仍然使用着混种剑。

  Their hilt style leads toward the shorter cut &thrust sword forms of the Renaissance.

  混种剑剑柄的特殊形状，直接影响一些文艺复兴时期的较短的劈刺剑。

  Strangely, in the early Renaissance the termbastard-sword was also sometimes used to refer to single-hand arming-swordswith compound-hilts.

  奇怪的是，在早期的文艺复兴时期，混种剑也有时被用来指具有复合式刀刃的单手武装剑。

  A form ofGerman arming sword with a bastard-style compound hilt was called a"Reitschwert" ("cavalry sword") or a "Degen"("knight's sword").

  一种有混种剑式的复合式剑柄的德国武装剑，被称为“Reitschwert”(“骑兵剑”)或“Degen”(“骑士剑”)。

  Although these might have been forms of single-handestoc.

  虽然这种剑可能是单手版的estoc(破甲剑)。

  The familiar modern term "hand-and-a-half"was more or less coined to describe bastards swords specifically.

  诸位熟悉的现代术语“一手半剑”，多少有点专指混种剑。

  The term "hand-and-a-half sword" is oftenused in reference to long-swords is not historical and is sometimes misappliedto other swords...

  “手半剑”通常指历史未出现的长剑，也有时误指其他剑。

  (althoughduring the late 1500's, long after such blades fell out of favor, some Germanforms of this phrase are believed to have been used).

  (在16世纪00年代后期，这时混种剑已经失宠，一些德国剑曾经以“手半剑”为名)。

  While there is no evidence of the term“hand-and-a-half” having been used during the Middle Ages, either in English orother languages, it does appear in the 16th century.

  无论是英文还是其他语言，都没有证据表明中世纪出现过“一手半”这个术语。这个术语直到16世纪才出现。