微软模拟飞行2020空中客车A320Neo通用飞行教程

垂直模式和自动推力之间的相互作用

If you select a vertical mode like CLB or OP CLB by pushing or pulling the altitude knob the auto-thrust system will increase the engine thrust to climb thrust (THR CLB) and maintain that. The autopilot will then pitch up to keep the speed target. This means the autopilot is controlling the speed with the climb angle now and the engines are just producing the maximum climb thrust.

When you reach the target altitude the autopilot will capture the altitude (ALT*) and then maintain it (ALT). When this happens the auto-thrust switches back to SPEED mode and change the engine thrust to maintain the speed target again. Now the auto-thrust controls the speed again and the autopilot maintains the altitude.

A similar thing happens during the descent. If you have DES or OP DES engaged the auto thrust will retard the thrust to idle (THR IDLE) and the autopilot pitches down to keep the airspeed target. So again the autopilot is controlling the speed and the auto-thrust is just keeping a fixed thrust value, in this case idle. Once the aircraft has descended to the target altitude the auto-thrust controls the speed again and the autopilot switches to altitude hold.

Note - This works pretty well if you have the autopilot and auto-thrust engaged. If you control either of them manually you have to be careful because you as a pilot then need to make sure that the airspeed is kept within limits. Imaging the engines going to full throttle but you don't pull up to keep the airspeed. Or the engines go to idle and stay there but you don't pitch the nose down. This can get out of hand quickly. This is why most airlines require the pilots to either use both: AP and A/THR or neither. Or at least make sure that for landing the auto-thrust is indeed controlling speed and no longer keeping idle thrust.

如果通过推动或拉动高度旋钮来选择垂直模式(如CLB或OP CLB)，则自动推力系统将增加发动机推力 至 爬升推力(THR CLB)并保持不变。然后，自动驾驶仪将加速以保持目标速度。这意味着自动驾驶仪现在通过爬升角来控制速度，而发动机仅产生最大的爬升推力。

当您达到目标高度时，自动驾驶仪将捕获高度(ALT *)，然后保持高度(ALT)。发生这种情况时，自动推力将切换回SPEED模式，并更改发动机推力以再次保持速度目标。现在，自动推力再次控制速度，自动驾驶仪保持高度。

在下降期间也会发生类似的情况。如果您使用了DES或OP DES，则自动推力将使推力延迟至怠速状态(THR IDLE)，并且自动驾驶仪的俯仰角将降低以保持空速目标。因此，自动驾驶仪仍在控制速度，自动推力仅保持固定的推力值，在这种情况下为空转。飞机下降到目标高度后，自动推力将再次控制速度，自动驾驶仪将切换到高度保持状态。

注意 -如果您启用了自动驾驶仪和自动推力，这将非常有效。如果您手动控制它们之一，则必须小心，因为作为飞行员，您需要确保空速保持在限制范围内。想像一下发动机将要全开油门，但是您不会拉高以保持空速。否则，发动机会进入怠速状态并停留在那里，但是您不会降低机鼻。这会很快失控。这就是为什么大多数航空公司要求飞行员同时使用：AP和A / THR或两者都不使用的原因。或至少要确保降落时自动推力确实在控制速度，而不再保持空转推力。